Tracing the Development of Clinical Supervision

Abstract

Major developments in clinical supervision over die last twenty-five years are reviewed and contrasted with supervision as it was understood and practiced early in its development. Recent areas of growth are divided into those that attend to the infrastructure of supervision (organizational matters, ethical and legal issues, and evaluation), variables that affect the supervision relationship (individual differences, relationship processes), and the enactment of supervision itself (models of supervision, modalities for conducting supervision). Commentary is included on all major developments.     

关于医疗器械软件变更监管要求探讨

由于医疗器械软件的特殊性，在产品注册后变更相对频繁，但现在对于医疗器械软件变更的监管要求尚未能充分考虑这种情况，应进一步科学合理设置相应监管要求。本文针对业内人士所关注焦点，分析了医疗器械软件变更类型划分原则，并基于相关变更类型划分，探讨了医疗器械软件变更的监管要求，最后提出了相关工作建议。     

Instructional Insights: Restructuring the Fieldwork Experience: One Clinic's Journey

Although there are standards for occupational therapy education, there are no universal standards for the affiliated fieldwork settings, only guidelines from the educational institutions. As a result, a student learning experience often varies dramatically from facility to facility. Several factors that may affect the clinical experience include the preparedness of a student, the willingness of a clinic to work through potential student challenges, and the theoretical foundation a clinic has built for disseminating occupational therapy practice skills. This article highlights the journey of one clinic through a redesign of the occupational therapy fieldwork program and outlines the steps taken to transform student experiences and improve program success. Starting with a self-directed review of the fieldwork process, and through a combination of program redesign, application of a theoretical foundation, and refocus toward a competency-based program, the student success rate at this acute rehabilitation hospital drastically improved and achieved positive feedback from all involved.     

深圳市生活垃圾信息化管理研究

以深圳市生活垃圾全过程管理为研究对象,分析其现状及存在的问题,并提出一套基于物联网技术的信息化管理的可行性方案。该方案利用RFID、传感器、GPS、GIS等信息感知采集设备,3G、GPRS、因特网等网络传输方式,可实现以小区为单位的源头垃圾计量以及生活垃圾全过程的信息化监管。     

药品化妆品抽样及检验的有关问题探讨

目的:对药品、药包材、化妆品抽样及检验工作中发现的问题进行分析研究,旨在为监管部门和检验机构提供参考,规范抽样和检验,提高监管效能和服务水平。方法:通过抽样、样品寄送、收样、检验等环节,对药品、药包材、化妆品抽样及检验工作中发现的有关问题进行分析研究,提出相应的解决措施和意见建议。结果与结论:部分药品/药包材/化妆品的抽查检验存在抽样不规范、抽样信息不完整、抽样与检查未能兼顾、样品寄送不规范、检验登记单和检验报告信息不完整或填写不规范、检验不规范、部分产品的批号效期标识不规范,以及部分品种因抽样量大导致抽样难以覆盖基层等问题,影响了监管效能。应根据药品、药包材、化妆品的产品特性和监管要求,分类设置并完善抽样及检验检测信息,并从强化人员培训、监督和检验有机结合、针对基层用药特点完善抽检工作机制、加强学习交流提高检验报告质量等方面加以解决。     

浅谈医院药学部的危机管理体系

目的:通过探讨医院药学部的危机管理体系,提高药学工作者对安全事件相关的危机意识和反应能力,从危机变为转机。方法:从政策危机、管理危机、质量危机、素质危机、技术危机、安全与突发事件危机、公共关系危机、职业压力危机等方面分析。结果:危机管理体系能够及早发现问题,解决问题,杜绝不安全事件的进一步发扩大、发展。结论:危机管理体系的建立能够最大地保障公众的身心健康与卫生健康事业。     

The Ingredients of Supervisor Failure

Trainees all too often learn more about how not to conduct supervision than how to conduct supervision effectively. The purpose of this article is to present a conceptualization of the theoretical, empirical, and practical elements of supervisor failures. Specifically, the article attends to the following behaviors that may lead to supervisor failure: (a) denigrate the supervisory relationship; (b) demonstrate multicultural incompetence; (c) become an unethical supermodel; (d) use evaluation instruments that could not pass for an undergraduate thesis; (e) teach your trainee how to diagnose narcissism by example; (f) apply psychotherapy models in supervision as if there is a theoretical or empirical basis; (g) infantalize your trainee; (h) collude with your trainee; (i) make your trainee your surrogate psychotherapist; and (j) go on a date with your trainee. Recommendations for increasing supervisor success and limiting supervisor failure are provided.     

Traversing distance and proximity: the integration of psychodrama and dance movement therapy techniques in supervision

This article explores the potential for intermodal methods in person-centred supervision, focusing on the application of techniques from dance movement therapy (DMT) and psychodrama. The article proposes how specific structures combining psychodrama and DMT allow the supervisee to negotiate between proximity and distance, offering ways to hone in, step out or create alternative perspectives. Somatic congruence is introduced as a person-centred principle that enables the supervisor to understand and/or share somatic reactions in response to the supervisee’s material or the supervisor’s own personal process. Embodying roles and projective techniques are illustrated in the article through examples from the author’s supervisory DMT practice, demonstrating how these interventions may help symbolically crystallise supervisory issues. Caveats to these interventions and cautions to practitioners are presented, contributing to critical analyses of cross-disciplinary work. The article presents a constructive view towards future research and professional development on intermodal, creative supervisory practice.